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Dog Training - How NOT To Train Your DogJust about every dog owner truly wants to train their dog well.Part of that patience means keeping your temper when you would like to lash out physically. So, here's how NOT to train your dog:- Forget that your dog has a nature unlike yours. Associate a unique hand signal and tone with the command. "Site" the dog then move the treat to the ground just in front of the nose. It's totally counter-productive and won't help anyway.To command sit, stand and face the dog then make the command. But they can be easily distracted, or fail to associate today's case of 'come' with yesterday's action and subsequent reward. The goal is to encourage, not punish. With repetition comes understanding. 'Down' is one effective technique for imposing your alpha position. But dogs tend to be happy when the alpha is, and upset when he is. Never reward until the behavior is complete - Also don't become tense or angry after failure. Minimize noise and movement distractions during the training session. But they don't reason out or get context the way humans do. Some will get it fast, some will take ten or more or won't get it without further prompting. Wait for the response. Many dogs take two years to learn anything beyond the easiest basics to the point that it consistently sticks. But if these are not the results you desire, be prepared to change YOUR behaviour, before you try to alter the dog's. Fortunately, almost every dog can learn 'sit' quickly. When a dog is 'down' it can't knock over furniture or children.If the dog backs up do the technique near the couch or a fence where he has nowhere to go.As a last resort, for the stubborn or slow learner, give the command and at the same time push gently on the back near the tail as you lift his chin.Dogs, like humans, much more readily follow those they trust than those they fear. We can wsh it were so but it's not and never will be! Though the average grown dog has a mental development someplace approximately on the level of a human two year old, there are more deviations than there are similarities. Pull the leash loop with your foot, sliding it over your leg. But that's reserved in the wild for only the most severe circumstances. When you see it give a unique voice command and hand gesture pair. Most times, they are not ignoring the command as much as failing to understand it.As a result, it can be frustrating to repeat the same command over and over, only to have the dog apparently ignore you. As important is what he is not doing! In a sit dogs can't chase cats, knock over furniture, run into the street. That way a dog associates the behavior with the command. - Believe that the dog can associate consequences across time and conditions, then draw the same conclusion you would.Repetition, consistency (reward only for the proper action), and enthusiasm will quickly lead to learning the 'sit'.Dog Training - Down Command - Dogs have a natural inclination to adhere to a hierarchy with an alpha (leader) at the top.With a treat or toy, face the dog and place it above his head and slightly behind the forehead, but still visible. It's easy to use physical punishment as the first route of correcting a dog's behavior. But dogs make choices very differently from people.At first the dog will
Wikipedia on dog breeds
Sharks (superorder Selachimorpha ) are a type of fish with a full cartilaginous skeleton and a streamlined body. They respire with the use of five to seven gill slits. Sharks have a covering of dermal denticles that protect their skin from damage and parasites and improve fluid dynamics; they also have replaceable teeth. Sharks range in size from the small pygmy shark, Euprotomicrus bispinatus , a deep sea species of only 22 centimetres (9 in) in length, to the whale shark, Rhincodon typus , the largest fish, which grows to a length of approximately 12 metres (39 ft) and which, like baleen whales, feeds only on plankton, squid, and small fish through filter feeding. The bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas , is the best known of several species to swim in both salt, freshwater and in deltas.
Studies on the behaviour of sharks have only recently been carried out leading to little information on the subject, although this is changing. The classic view of the shark is that of a solitary hunter, ranging the oceans in search of food; however, this is only true for a few species, with most living far more sedentary, benthic lives. Even solitary sharks meet for breeding or on rich hunting grounds, which may lead them to cover thousands of miles in a year. Migration patterns in sharks may be even more complex than in birds, with many sharks covering entire ocean basins.
Some sharks can be highly social, remaining in large schools, sometimes up to over 100 individuals of scalloped hammerheads congregating around seamounts and islands e.g. in the Gulf of California. Cross-species social hierarchies exist with oceanic whitetip sharks dominating silky sharks of comparable size when feeding.
When approached too closely some sharks will perform a threat display to warn off the prospective predators. This usually consists of exaggerated swimming movements, and can vary in intensity according to the level of threat.
Aversion to dolphins
There are many stories of dolphins protecting humans from shark attacks. This phenomenon was investigated in an episode of Discovery Channel's Mythbusters, in which a feeding great white shark did not attack either a seal cutout or raw bait when a mechanical dolphin was placed in the water nearby. There has been no conclusive scientific study to explain this behavior.
Shark intelligence
Despite the common myth that sharks are instinct-driven "eating machines", recent studies have indicated that many species possess powerful problem-solving skills, social complexity and curiosity. The brain-mass-to-body-mass ratios of sharks are similar to those of mammals and other higher vertebrate species.
In 1987, near Smitswinkle Bay, South Africa, a group of up to seven great white sharks worked together to relocate the partially beached body of a dead whale to deeper waters to feed.
Sharks have even been known to engage in playful activities (a trait also observed in cetaceans and primates). Porbeagle sharks have been seen repeatedly rolling in kelp and have even been observed chasing an individual trailing a piece behind them.
Shark sleep
It is unclear how sharks sleep. Some sharks can lie on the bottom while actively pumping water over their gills, but their eyes remain open and actively follow divers. When a shark is resting, it does not use its nares, but rather its spiracles. If a shark tried to use its nares while resting on the ocean floor, it would be sucking up sand rather than water. Many scientists believe this is one of the reasons sharks have spiracles. The spiny dogfish's spinal cord, rather than its brain, coordinates swimming, so it is possible for a spiny dogfish to continue to swim while sleeping.
It is also possible that a shark can sleep in a manner similar to dolphins. In this situation, one half of the brain sleeps at a time, thereby allowing the shark to be half conscious while sleeping.
Habitat
A December 10, 2006 report by the Census of Marine Life group reveals that 70% of the world's oceans are shark-free. They have discovered that although many sharks live up to depths as low as 1,500 metres (5,000 ft), they fail to colonize deeper, putting them more easily within reach of fisheries and thus endangered status.
Shark attacks
Sharks rarely attack humans unless provoked. In 2006 the International Shark Attack File (ISAF) undertook an investigation into 96 alleged shark attacks, confirming 62 of them as unprovoked attacks and 16 as provoked attacks. The average number of fatalities per year between 2001 and 2006 from unprovoked shark attacks is 4.3.
Contrary to popular belief, only a few sharks are dangerous to humans. Out of more than 360 species, only four have been involved in a significant number of fatal, unprovoked attacks on humans: the great white, oceanic whitetip, tiger, and bull sharks. These sharks, being large, powerful predators, may sometimes attack and kill people, but all of these sharks have been filmed in open water, without the use of a protective cage.
The perception of sharks as dangerous animals has been popularized by publicity given to a few isolated unprovoked attacks, such as the Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916, and through popular fictional works about shark attacks, such as the Jaws film series. The author of Jaws , Peter Benchley, had in his later years attempted to dispel the image of sharks as man-eating monsters.
Sharks in captivity
Until recently only a few benthic species of shark, such as hornsharks, leopard sharks and catsharks could survive in aquarium conditions for up to a year or more. This gave rise to the belief that sharks, as well as being difficult to capture and transport, were difficult to care for. A better knowledge of sharks has led to more species (including the large pelagic sharks) being able to be kept for far longer. At the same time, transportation techniques have improved and now provide a way for the long distance movement of sharks. The only species of shark to have never been successfully held in captivity was the great white, until September 2004 when the Monterey Bay Aquarium successfully kept a young female great white shark for 198 days before releasing her back into the wild.
Despite being considered critical for the health of the shark, very few studies on feeding have been carried out. Since food is the reward for appropriate behaviour, trainers must rely on control of feeding motivation.
Conservation
The majority of shark fisheries around the globe have little monitoring or management. With the rise in demand of shark products there is a greater pressure on fisheries. Stocks decline and collapse because sharks are long-lived apex predators with comparatively small populations, which makes it difficult for them breed rapidly enough to maintain population levels. Major declines in shark stocks have been recorded in recent years - some species have been depleted by over 90% over the past 20-30 years with a population decline of 70% not being unusual. Many governments and the UN have acknowledged the need for shark fisheries management, but due to the low economic value of shark fisheries, the small volumes of products produced and the poor public image of sharks, little progress has been made.
Many other threats to sharks include habitat alteration, damage and loss from coastal developments, pollution and the impact of fisheries on the seabed and prey species.
The practice of shark finning, cutting the fin from a shark and discarding the live animal, attracts much controversy and regulations are being enacted to prevent it from occuring.
A Canadian-made documentary, Sharkwater is raising awareness of the depletion of the world's shark population.
Shark fishery
An estimate states that, every year, 26 to 73 million (median value is at 38 million) sharks are killed by people in commercial and recreational fishing. In the past, sharks were killed simply for the sport of landing a good fighting fish (such as the shortfin mako sharks). Shark skin is covered with dermal
dog breeds Views
A quick comparison of different classes of dog food.
Review of the ingredients in the top selling dog food brand in the country.
Some foods that we eat as humans are not safe or even fatal for canines. So before you give your dog anything that you eat, make sure that it’s safe. Here are some of the foods that humans often eat which can be life-threatening for dogs.
This morning my new book officially goes on sale. It has a fancy title: “Mike’s Election Guide.” It’s cheap ($11.19 on Amazon). It’s got a cool quote on the back cover from Republican congressman Tom Davis: “The Republican brand is in the trash can … If we were dog food, they would take us off the shelf.”
Pedigree Pet Food is recalling a bag variety of Pedigree pet food sent to some Albertsons and Costco stores because of possible salmonella contamination.
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